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All surfaces in a scene that have a common portal will share the same portal window.
All surfaces in a scene that have a common portal will share the same portal window.


=== Dummy Sector ===
=== Dummy Sector ===
A sector off of the main map area which is used by line or sector specials as a model, or as housing for lines which need to be a specific size.
A sector off of the main map area which is used by line or sector specials as a model, or as housing for lines which need to be a specific size.


== Simple rendering portals ==
These portals produce simple rendering effects: based on floor and ceiling models, or using skyboxes. They're not interactive but can be useful for rendering skies or infinite extents at the edge of the map.


=== Fixed plane portals ===
== Fixed Plane Portals ==


Fixed plane portals (as the name implies) render a single, fixed plane into the portal window. The plane is always rendered at the same height and texture offset even when the camera changes its position.
Fixed plane portals (as the name implies) render a single, fixed plane into the portal window. The plane is always rendered a the same height and texture offset even when the camera changes it's position.


Line special (UDMF format): [[Portal_Define]]
Line specials:
 
Line specials (classic Doom format):


:283 Apply fixed plane portal to the ceilings of tagged sectors
:283 Apply fixed plane portal to the ceilings of tagged sectors
:284 Apply fixed plane portal to the floors of tagged sectors
:284 Apply fixed plane portal to the floors of tagged sectors
:285 Apply fixed plane portal to the floors and ceilings of tagged sectors
:285 Apply fixed plane portal to the floors and ceilings of tagged sectors


The front side sector of the special line is used to generate the plane. The ceiling texture, sector light, and ceiling texture scrolling are all used as attributes for the rendered fixed plane. The absolute height of the ceiling is used as the height of the plane. That is, if the special line front sector has a ceiling height of 64, the plane will always render at 64 units above the camera height. If the ceiling height is 128, the plane will always render at 128 units above the camera height, and so on.
The front side sector of the special line is used to generate the plane. The ceiling texture, sector light, and ceiling texture scrolling are all used as attributes for the rendered fixed plane. The absolute height of the ceiling is used as the height of the plane. That is, if the special line front sector has a ceiling height of 64, the plane will always render at 64 units above the camera height. If the ceiling height is 128, the plane will always render at 128 units above the camera height, and so on.


==== Example ====
For example:
===== Classic Doom format =====


[[Image:Pfixedplane01.png]]  [[Image:Pfixedplane02.png]]
[[Image:Pfixedplane01.png]]  [[Image:Pfixedplane02.png]]


The left image shows a simple map with a small sector off to the side of the rest of the map. One of the lines in this sector has been given  a 283 special which will apply a fixed plane portal to all tagged sector ceilings. The height of the dummy sector is set to 128, the blue water texture FWATER1 is the ceiling texture, there is no scrolling applied to the ceiling, and the ceiling height is 128.
The left image shows a simple map with a small sector off to the side of the rest of the map. One of the lines in this sector has been given  a 283 special which will apply a fixed play portal to all tagged sector ceilings. The height of the dummy sector is set to 128, the blue water texture FWATER1 is the ceiling texture, there is no scrolling applied to the ceiling, and the ceiling height is 128.


The right image shows what the map looks like in [[Eternity]]. Notice the rendered height of the plane is the same as a ceiling 128 units above eye level.
The right image shows what the map looks like in [[Eternity]]. Notice the rendered height of the plane is the same as a ceiling 128 units above eye level.


The line special 289 can be used to apply fixed plane portals to walls as well. The special will find a portal with the same line tag and will display that portal on the surface of the line.
The line special 289 can be used to apply fixed plane portals to walls as well. The special will find a portal with the same line tag and will display that portal on the surface of the line.
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The highlighted wall has been given a special of 289 and tagged to the portal line. In-game, the tagged wall now displays the portal. Note: The 289 line special works for all portal types.
The highlighted wall has been given a special of 289 and tagged to the portal line. In-game, the tagged wall now displays the portal. Note: The 289 line special works for all portal types.


===== UDMF format =====
In [[UDMF]], you still use a dummy sector, but instead of using classic specials 283-285, you use [[Portal_Define]] and give it a unique portal ID (to be sure, just use editor's "find new tag" feature or pick a large number such as 1000). Then select all sectors or linedefs where you want the portal to appear, and set their '''floorportal''', '''ceilingportal''' or (for linedefs) '''portal''' UDMF fields to the same portal ID.


=== Horizon Plane Portals ===
== Horizon Plane Portals ==


Horizon portals display two planes which appear to go on forever until they meet in the middle (horizon). The plane coordinates are not fixed, and will appear to move with the camera. This can be used to achieve the illusion that water or grass goes off far into the distance without having to make overly large sectors.
Horizon portals display two planes which appear to go on forever until they meet in the middle (horizon). The plane coordinates are not fixed, and will appear to move with the camera. This can be used to achieve the illusion that water or grass goes off far into the distance without having to make overly large sectors.


Line specials (UDMF): [[Portal_Define]], [[Line_Horizon]]
Line Specials:


Line specials (classic Doom format):
:: 286 Apply horizon portal to the ceilings of tagged sectors
 
:: 287 Apply horizon portal to the floors of tagged sectors
:286 Apply horizon portal to the ceilings of tagged sectors
:: 288 Apply horizon portal to the floors and ceilings of tagged sectors
:287 Apply horizon portal to the floors of tagged sectors
:288 Apply horizon portal to the floors and ceilings of tagged sectors
:450 Apply horizon portal on this line using the floor and ceiling of front sector (tag not used)
 
==== Example ====
You can use classic types 286-288 or UDMF [[Portal_Define]] in a similar way to the plane portals. But much easier is to use classic 450 or UDMF [[Line_Horizon]] on a sector's walls to copy its floor and ceiling rendering into infinity. No tag or args needed for this. Following is an example using 286-288.


Like the fixed plane portals, the front sector of the special line is used. The top plane uses the front sector ceiling (height, texture, scrolling, light) as its model, and the bottom plane uses the front sector floor (height, texture, scrolling, light) as its model. Example:
Like the fixed plane portals, the front sector of the special line is used. The top plane uses the front sector ceiling (height, texture, scrolling, light) as its model, and the bottom plane uses the front sector floor (height, texture, scrolling, light) as its model. Example:
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Note: If the camera ever travels below the floor height of a horizon portal, the bottom plane will appear to move in the opposite direction of the camera movement until the camera is once again above the floor height.
Note: If the camera ever travels below the floor height of a horizon portal, the bottom plane will appear to move in the opposite direction of the camera movement until the camera is once again above the floor height.


=== Skybox Portals ===
 
== Skybox Portals ==


Skybox portals draw another part of the map into the portal window. The scene in the portal window will use the angle from the player camera, but will render the scene from the location of the skybox camera. This helps create the illusion that the contents of the skybox actually surround the map and are much larger in size than they really are.
Skybox portals draw another part of the map into the portal window. The scene in the portal window will use the angle from the player camera, but will render the scene from the location of the skybox camera. This helps create the illusion that the contents of the skybox actually surround the map and are much larger in size than they really are.


Line special (UDMF): [[Portal_Define]]
Line Specials:


Line specials (classic Doom format):
:: 290 Apply skybox portals to the ceilings of tagged sectors
 
:: 291 Apply skybox portals to the floors of tagged sectors
:290 Apply skybox portals to the ceilings of tagged sectors
:: 292 Apply skybox portals to the floors and ceilings of tagged sectors
:291 Apply skybox portals to the floors of tagged sectors
:292 Apply skybox portals to the floors and ceilings of tagged sectors


The front sector of the special line becomes the "skybox sector". This is not the only sector that gets rendered, but this sector is where [[Eternity]] will look for the skybox camera object which will be the point the skybox is rendered from.
The front sector of the special line becomes the "skybox sector". This is not the only sector that gets rendered, but this sector is where [[Eternity]] will look for the skybox camera object which will be the point the skybox is rendered from.


==== Example ====
For example:


[[Image:Pskybox01.png]]
[[Image:Pskybox01.png]]


(for UDMF, use [[Portal_Define]] with a unique portal ID and the sector '''floorportal''', '''ceilingportal''' and linedef '''portal''' fields.)
This map has a skybox portal applied to the ceiling and wall of the sector with the player start. The "Skybox sector" is the small rectangular one which contains the EESkyboxCamera object. The camera object always spawns on the floor, so the skybox sector has been made a glass floor 48 units above the surrounding area so the camera will be above the floor of the box.
 
This map has a skybox portal applied to the ceiling and wall of the sector with the player start. The "Skybox sector" is the small rectangular one which contains the EESkyboxCam object. The camera object always spawns on the floor, so the skybox sector has been made a glass floor 48 units above the surrounding area so the camera will be above the floor of the box.


[[Image:Pskybox02.png]] [[Image:Pskybox03.png]]
[[Image:Pskybox02.png]] [[Image:Pskybox03.png]]


The first image is the view in-game when the player no-clips into the sky box. The second image is the view from inside the main map area with the skybox portal applied. No matter where the player moves inside the map area, the skybox portal will always render from the location of the camera inside the skybox, however, the skybox is rendered from the angle the player is looking. [[ExtraData]] also provides a means of assigning a z-height to objects in maps. This could also be used to raise the skybox camera off the floor. If the skybox camera is left on the floor, the floor plane will not render and result in [[Doom Wiki:HOM|HOM]].
The first image is the view in-game when the player no-clips into the sky box. The second image is the view from inside the main map area with the skybox portal applied. No matter where the player moves inside the map area, the skybox portal will always render from the location of the camera inside the skybox, however, the skybox is rendered from the angle the player is looking. [[ExtraData]] also provides a means of assigning a z-height to objects in maps. This could also be used to raise the skybox camera off the floor. If the skybox camera is left on the floor, the floor plane will not render and result in HOM.


The skybox is not restricted to simple boxes. Any map architecture the skybox camera can see can be part of a skybox. Below is an example of a basic mountainous landscape created with map architecture.  
The skybox is not restricted to simple boxes. Any map architecture the skybox camera can see can be part of a skybox. Below is an example of a basic mountainous landscape created with map architecture.  
Line 117: Line 104:
[[Image:Pskybox04.png]]
[[Image:Pskybox04.png]]


== Anchored portals ==
Skyboxes can take any shape or size.
Anchored portals are those which render another part of the map on a window. They are of two types: purely visual, and interactive (historically the purely visual ones have been available long before the interactive ones, hence the separation). Interactive portals are also called ''linked'' portals and are the most important kind, as they allow extending gameplay to 3D (multistory) and even 4D/5D (discontinuous connections allowing "impossible" maps, albeit with some restrictions).
 
=== Visual anchored portals ===
 
Anchored portals are more complex than previous portal types. They are the base for linked (interactive portals). These portals however are not interactive; they're purely visual.
 
Anchored portals will render another area of the map into the portal window, but the portal camera moves as the player moves, creating the illusion that the other area of the map is actually connected to the main area. This can be used to create the appearance of 3D architecture. Before use, however, an understanding of how these portals work is important.
 
In order to piece the parts of a map together, an anchored portal needs to know how far apart they are. The distance is determined with the use of specific line specials. Each anchored portal needs a "portal line" (the line with the anchored portal special) which usually is area the portal should render, and an "anchor line" which is usually located in the main map area. The distance and angle between these lines become the offset and rotation respectively, that is, how far [[Eternity]] needs to move the camera and rotate it from where the player stands to get the portal area.
 
Line specials:
 
:295 Apply anchored portal to the ceilings of all tagged sectors
:296 Apply anchored portal to the floors of all tagged sectors
:297 Apply anchored portal to the floors and ceilings of all tagged sectors
:298 Anchor line (for specials 295 and 297)
:299 Anchor line (for special 296)
 
There are two different anchor line types so a different anchored portal can be placed on the ceiling and floor of the same sector. The two portals will share the sector tag.
 
For example:
 
[[Image:Panchored01.png]]
 
The above map has a single anchored portal applied to the inner sector of the area the player start is in. The "portal area" is to the right, and the "main area" is to the left. The view height is not changed, so the portal area needs to be set above the main area, or there will be [[Doom Wiki:HOM|HOM]] in the portal window. Note that no camera objects are needed for this effect. The portal will create a temporary camera automatically.
 
Here's how it works:
 
When the map is loaded, the the centers of both lines (the portal and the anchor line) are calculated, and the distance between those centers is determined:
 
[[Image:Panchored03.png]]
 
In the example, the distance is 512 units to the east and 0 units north. This set of numbers becomes the "portal offset" (distance between where the player stands and where the portal camera should go) and when the portal is rendered, the portal camera is place 512 map units east of the player camera, and the map is rendered from the portal camera.
 
==== Portals Faking Reflective Flats ====
[[Image:Reflective_portals.png|320px]]
 
When paired with ''[[ExtraData]]'' lump, anchored portals can fake a reflecting floor / ceiling effect.
 
To achieve this you need to:
* Recreate an z-mirrored copy of the rooms you want to be reflected.
* Connect portals as you'd normally do.
* Enable '''ExtraData''' definition for a sector (i.e. give a ''401'' special to a LineDef facing the sector which flat's alpha you want to modify).
* Add [[MapInfo]] lump that calls specific '''ExtraData''' script when map is played:
<pre>
[MAP01]
    levelname = my level
    extradata = EXTRA01
</pre>
* Add '''EXTRA01''' lump containing something along those lines:
<pre>
sector {
recordnum 1
portalflags.floor overlay
overlayalpha.floor 50%
}
</pre>
 
: ''See: [[Portal#Examples]]'' for a demonstration file
 
=== Linked Portals ===
 
:''See: [[Linked portals]]''
 
==Copying portals==
Portals placed on a kind of surface can be copied into other surfaces: sectors or linedefs.
===Copying to a linedef's middle part===
You can use linedef special 289 to copy a sector floor/ceiling portal into linedef's front middle part. Use the tag of a sector which has been given a floor or ceiling portal.
===Copying to the front sector===
You can use linedef special 385 to copy a like-tagged sector's floor/ceiling portal to the front sector. Useful when the front sector needs to have a different tag, and you don't want to add more control linedefs to address it. In this case, you can use this 385 special to copy the portal.
===Copying to the lower or upper front edge of the linedef===
This is what we sometimes call "edge portals", because they apply on upper and lower edges of a linedef (where normally such a texture is applied). They're always on the front side.
 
A portal that resides on the back sector of the linedef can be copied, as an extension, to the front side's lower or upper part. On UDMF, use the '''upperportal''' and '''lowerportal''' boolean attributes of '''linedef'''. In the classic format, you need to use the [[ExtraData]] LOWERPORTAL or UPPERPORTAL extended linedef flag.
 
If it's a linked portal, the side in the other layer should most likely have a standard wall portal leading back. In UDMF, give that linedef the '''portal''' attribute with the same value as the ceiling or floor's portal ID ('''ceilingportal''', '''floorportal''') of the containing sector. In the classic format, it has to be defined with classic special 376 (apply linedef linked portal) and the tag of this linedef.
 
See also [[Edge portals]].


==Examples==
[https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/eternity/portals_reflective.wad portals faking reflective floors]


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